What was the Dutch cultivation system?
Culture System, also called Cultivation System, Dutch Cultuurstelsel, revenue system in the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) that forced farmers to pay revenue to the treasury of the Netherlands in the form of export crops or compulsory labour. In case of crop failure, the people were left responsible for the loss.
Who was Indonesia colonized by?
Dutch
In 1596 the first Dutch vessels anchored at the shores of West Java. Over the next three centuries, the Dutch gradually colonized this archipelago until it became known as the Dutch East Indies.
How did the cultivation system operate?
The cultivation system was primarily implemented in Java, the center of the colonial state. Instead of land taxes, 20% of village land had to be devoted to government crops for export or, alternatively, peasants had to work in government-owned plantations for 60 days of the year.
What was the 3 pillars of the Dutch ethical policy?
On 17 September 1901, in her speech from the throne before the States-General, the newly crowned Queen Wilhelmina formally articulated the new policy – that the Dutch government had a moral obligation to the native people of the Dutch East Indies that could be summarised in the ‘Three Policies’ of Irrigation.
Who introduced Dutch culture system?
Governor Van den Bosch
According to van der Eng (2004: 775), the Java War of 1825–1830 left the Dutch East Indies Colonial Government in dire financial straits. Governor Van den Bosch was mindful of this when he established the Culture System in 1830.
Why was the cultivation system important?
The cultivation system was founded by Governor-General Johannes van den Bosch around 1830. It imposed upon the Javanese population the obligation to grow and make deliveries of coffee, sugar cane, indigo, pepper, and other export products in exchange for crop payments.
Why did Indonesia get colonized?
Europeans such as the Portuguese arrived in Indonesia from the 16th century seeking to monopolise the sources of valuable nutmeg, cloves, and cubeb pepper in Maluku. In 1602, the Dutch established the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and became the dominant European power by 1610.
Why did Portugal colonize Indonesia?
The Portuguese arrived in Indonesia in 1511 looking for natural resources and to promote Christianity.
Are there any Dutch left in Indonesia?
Over a 15-year period after the Republic of Indonesia became an independent state, virtually the entire Dutch population, Indische Nederlanders (Dutch Indonesians), estimated at between 250,000 and 300,000, left the former Dutch East Indies.
Who introduced ethical policy?
Ethical Policy, in Indonesian history, a program introduced by the Dutch in the East Indies at the turn of the 20th century aimed at promoting the welfare of the indigenous Indonesians (Javanese).
