What viruses can be transmitted vertically?
HIV, toxoplasma gondii, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpesviruses have been proven to transfer from mother to child via these routes. This is known as vertical transmission.
What are Transplacental infections?
Transplacental infections: An infection that passes from the mother to the fetus via the placenta. A large variety of infections can occur like this and the type and severity of symptoms can vary greatly depending on the type of infection and the stage of fetal development at which infection occurs.
What are vertically transmitted infection?
Specialty. Pediatrics. A vertically transmitted infection is an infection caused by pathogens (such as bacteria and viruses) that use mother-to-child transmission, that is, transmission directly from the mother to an embryo, fetus, or baby during pregnancy or childbirth.
What is an example of a vertical transmission of a disease?
Vertical transmission: Passage of a disease-causing agent (pathogen) from mother to baby during the period immediately before and after birth. Transmission might occur across the placenta, in the breast milk, or through direct contact during or after birth. For example, HIV can be a vertically transmitted pathogen.
Is gonorrhea a vertically transmitted disease?
In pediatrics practice, the greatest gonorrhea risk is found in adolescents and young adults, who may become infected during sexual contact, and newborns, who become infected from vertical transmission.
Can chlamydia be vertically transmitted?
The risk of vertical transmission among the estimated 24 901 NAAT-positive mothers was 0.8% (95% CI 0.7 to 0.9). Based on the annual seroconversion rate of maternal antitrachomatis antibodies, the risk of vertical transmission was 1.8% (95% CI 1.5 to 2.0).
What is intracranial infection?
Intracranial infections are serious and life-threatening health problems. They may present as subdural empyemas or intracerebral abscesses. Surgical drainage and subsequent antibiotic treatment is the main technique for a satisfactory clinical outcome.
What is oblique transmission?
3) introduced models in which a specific cultural trait is transmitted either vertically, that is, directly from parent to offspring, obliquely, that is, from non-parental members of the parent’s generation to an offspring, or horizontally, that is, among members of the same generational cohort.
What STI can spread by vertical transmission?
Vertical transmission of HIV and other STD may occur via the placenta during gestation (the major mechanism for syphilis) or at birth during the passage through the cervico-vaginal channel (the major mechanism for HIV, HBV, HSV, gonorrhoea and chlamydia).
Which STI can spread perinatally?
Some STIs, such as syphilis, cross the placenta and infect the baby in the womb. Other STIs, like gonorrhea, chlamydia, hepatitis B, and genital herpes, can pass from the mother to the baby as the baby passes through the birth canal. HIV can cross the placenta during pregnancy and infect the baby during delivery.
What is vertical transmission of hepatitis B?
Vertical transmission implies transmission of the hepatitis B virus from mother to infant. This occurs with great frequency (70 to 100 per cent) when the mother has acute hepatitis B near delivery.
Which is an example of a transplacental infection?
Examples of transplacental infections include cytomegalovirus, herpes virus, hepatitis, syphilis, toxoplasmosis and rubella.
Can a fetus be infected with a transplacental pathogen?
Problems related to perinatal infection are not always directly noticeable. Apart from infecting the fetus, transplacental pathogens may cause placentitis (inflammation of the placenta) and/or chorioamnionitis (inflammation of the fetal membranes ). Babies can also become infected by their mothers during birth.
Which is an example of a vertically transmitted infection?
Vertically transmitted infection. A vertically transmitted infection is an infection caused by pathogens (such as bacteria and viruses) that uses mother-to-child transmission, that is, transmission directly from the mother to an embryo, fetus, or baby during pregnancy or childbirth.
What kind of infections can be passed from mother to child?
Bacteria, viruses, and other organisms are able to be passed from mother to child. Several vertically transmitted infections are included in the TORCH complex, which stands for: T – Toxoplasmosis / Toxoplasma gondii. O – Other infections (see below) R – Rubella. C – Cytomegalovirus.
