What is the pH of gallic acid?

between 7-10
Results. We found that gallic acid produces two different radicals as a function of pH. In the pH range between 7-10, the spectrum of the gallate free radical is a doublet of triplets (aH = 1.00 G, aH = 0.23 G, aH = 0.28 G).

Is gallic acid Ka formula?

Gallic acid (also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a trihydroxybenzoic acid with the formula C6H2(OH)3CO2H. It is classified as a phenolic acid….Gallic acid.

What does gallic acid contain?

Gallic acid is a phenolic compound also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid. It is found both as a free state and as a constituent of tannins, namely, gallotannin. Gallic acid and its derivatives are present in nearly every part of the plant, such as bark, wood, leaf, fruit, root, and seed.

Is gallic acid polar?

The free phenolics (gallic acid) were relatively polar, while more complex compounds like methyl ester (methyl gallate) were relatively less polar as compared to free phenolics. Therefore, gallic acid is possibly the most polar, followed by methyl gallate and finally caffeic acid.

What is the function of gallic acid?

Gallic acid is a well-known natural antioxidant that is basically a secondary polyphenolic metabolite. Gallic acid is a very important common antioxidant tea formulation, known as an Ayurvedic herb. Apart from its phytochemical role, gallic acid is also used in tanning, ink dyes, and the manufacture of paper.

What plants produce gallic acid?

In nature, gallic acid and its derivatives are present in nearly every part of the plant, such as bark, wood, leaf, fruit, root and seed. They are present in different concentrations in common foodstuffs such as blueberry, blackberry, strawberry, plums, grapes, mango, cashew nut, hazelnut, walnut, tea, wine and so on.

How is gallic acid produced?

Conventionally gallic acid is produced by acid hydrolysis of tannic acid but it has cost, yield and low purity disadvantages. Alternatively, gallic acid can be produced by the microbial hydrolysis of tannic acid by tannase (tannin-acyl-hydrolase EC 3.1. 1.20), an inducible enzyme, secreted by microorganisms (12).

Is gallic acid lipophilic?

The gallic acid and several n-alkyl gallates, with the same number of hydroxyl substituents, varying only in the side carbonic chain length, with respective lipophilicity defined through the C log P, were studied. However, a relationship between the HOCl scavenging capability and the lipophilicity was not observed.

Is gallic acid polyphenol?

Gallic acid (GA) is a naturally occurring polyphenol compound present in fruits, vegetables, and herbal medicines. According to previous studies, GA has many biological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.

Is phthalic acid soluble in water?

Phthalic acid is very soluble in boiling water, 18 g/100 mL, and is much less soluble in chilled (14°C) water, 0.54 g/100 mL. Thus, water is a very good recrystallization solvent for phthalic acid.

What does gallic acid do in plants?

4 Gallic Acid It is widely present in the plant kingdom and represent a large family of plant secondary metabolites and hence natural antioxidants. In general, GA is used to prevent the oxidative damage that takes place in biomolecules by scavenging the reactive oxygen species.

What is the use of tannin in plants?

Tannins are found commonly in the bark of trees, wood, leaves, buds, stems, fruits, seeds, roots, and plant galls. In all of these plant structures, tannins help to protect the individual plant species. Tannins that become stored in the bark of trees protect the tree from being infected by bacteria or fungi.

What is the chemical formula for gallic acid?

Gallic acid is an organic acid, also known as 3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. The chemical formula is C6H2(OH)3CO2H. Gallic acid is found both free and as part of tannins.

What kind of esters are found in gallic acid?

Hydrolyzable tannins break down on hydrolysis to give gallic acid and glucose or ellagic acid and glucose, known as gallotannins and ellagitannins, respectively. Gallic acid forms intermolecular esters (depsides) such as digallic and trigallic acids, and cyclic ether-esters (depsidones).

What is the pKa value of phenazine?

pKa Values INDEX Inorganic 2 Phenazine 24 Phosphates 3 Pyridine 25 Carboxylic acids 4, 8 Pyrazine 26 HCO3 10.33* HSe– 11.00* 77 H2CrO4 -0.98 30 H 2S 7.00* 77

What are the values of the functional group pKa?

Approximate pKa chart of the functional groups:  values to know  1.  Protonated carbonyl  pKa = ‐7                                                   Other important pKa’s  2. Protonated alcohol or ether   pKa = ‐2 to ‐3    H2 = 35   3. Carboxylic acid   pKa = 4‐5  4. Ammonium ion   pKa = 9‐10  5. Phenol  pKa = 10  6.