What is the innervation of the pericardium?
The fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium are innervated by the phrenic nerve, which is derived primarily from cervical nerve 4 but also has contributions from the 3 and 5. The serous pericardium has branches of innervation from the vagus nerve via the esophageal plexus.
What nerve Innervates the visceral pericardium?
The pericardium has the following neurovascular supply: Innervation. Parietal pericardium receives general sensory innervation from the phrenic nerve; visceral pericardium receives visceral sensory innervation from sympathetic nerves (to T1–T4 spinal cord levels) and vagus nerves (to medulla oblongata).
What are reflections of pericardium?
The pericardial sinuses are impressions in the pericardial sac formed between the points where great vessels enter it. Pericardial sinus. Posterior wall of the pericardial sac, showing the lines of reflection of the serous pericardium on the great vessels. ( Transverse sinus labeled at center.
Is the pericardium avascular?
The pericardium is a rigid, avascular, fibrous sac and its primary function is minor anchoring, lubrication, preventing distention of cardiac chambers, and optimizing diastolic filling.
What are the 3 layers of pericardium?
It can be divided into three layers, the fibrous pericardium, the parietal pericardium, and the visceral pericardium.
What membrane makes up the pericardial sac?
The pericardium, also called pericardial sac, is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. It has two layers, an outer layer made of strong connective tissue (fibrous pericardium), and an inner layer made of serous membrane (serous pericardium).
What does the phrenic nerve innervate?
The phrenic nerves provide motor innervation to the diaphragm and work in conjunction with secondary respiratory muscles (trapezius, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid, and intercostals) to allow respiration.
What is the pericardium made of?
The pericardium is a simple structure composed of connective tissue lined by a single layer of mesothelial cells that encases the heart. The mesothelial cells secrete mucopolysaccharide, which lubricates the pericardium, allowing the heart to expand and contract with limited resistance.
What 2 layers make up the pericardium?
The pericardium consists of two layers: the fibrous and the serous. The fibrous pericardium is a conical-shaped sac.
What is the pericardial sac composed of?
What cells make up pericardium?
The visceral pericardium [Figure 3] is formed by a thin layer of fibrous tissue overlying the myocardium invested by mesothelial cells (the serosal component of the visceral pericardium) over the entire surface of the heart. A sheet of mesothelial cells is shown at high magnification.
Where does the innervation of the pericardium come from?
The innervations of the outer fibrous and parietal pericardium are due to the phrenic nerve (C3-C5), and it also provides motor and sensory innervation to the diaphragm. This nerve originates from the neck and travels down through the thoracic cavity.
How is the innervation of the foot described?
Introduction The innervation of the foot is quite complex. The sensory innerva- tion territories are shown in Figure 1 (1). Both ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging allow visualization of many of the nerves and help with diagnosis of compression syn- dromes.
What are the normal nerves of the foot?
Normal Anatomy and Compres- sion Areas of Nerves of the Foot and Ankle: US and MR Imaging with Anatomic Correlation1 The anatomy of the nerves of the foot and ankle is complex, and familiarity with the normal anatomy and course of these nerves as well as common anatomic variants is essential for correct identifi- cation at imaging.
Where does the index finger pass through the pericardium?
This results in a transverse sinus across the pericardium that separates the arterial blood vessels and the venous blood vessels. The index finger can pass though the transverse sinus, which helps surgeons to identify the blood vessels of the heart during coronary artery bypass surgery.
