What is the function of DNA polymerase 1/2 3?
In prokaryotes, DNA polymerase III is the main enzyme responsible for replication. DNA polymerase I and II have a role to play in repair, removing the primer and filling the gaps. In eukaryotes, DNA polymerase 𝝳 is the main enzyme for replication.
What do DNA polymerase 1 and 3 do?
The main difference between DNA polymerase 1 and 3 is that DNA polymerase 1 is involved in the removal of primers from the fragments and replacing the gap by relevant nucleotides whereas DNA polymerase 3 is mainly involved in the synthesis of the leading and lagging strands.
Who discovered DNA polymerase?
Arthur Kornberg
The enzyme discovered by Arthur Kornberg is now known as DNA polymerase I. Figure 2: Arthur Kornberg with his sons Roger (left), Kenneth (next to his mother Sylvia) and Thomas (next to his father), circa 1959.
What does DNA polymerase II do?
These polymerases all function to proofread the newly synthesized DNA in the 3′→5′ direction. These polymerases are capable of synthesizing DNA on both the leading and lagging strands. This class of polymerase tends to be very accurate which allows them to correct any mispairings that occur during DNA synthesis.
What is the function of polymerase 2?
Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (pol II) is a 12-subunit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is responsible for transcribing nuclear genes encoding messenger RNAs and several small nuclear RNAs (1).
What does polymerase 2 do in DNA replication?
During DNA replication, base pairs are subject to damage in the sequence. A damaged sequence of DNA can cause replication to be stalled. In order to fix an error in the sequence, DNA Pol II catalyzes the repair of nucleotide base pairs.
Who discovered DNA polymerase 2?
DNA Polymerase II is an 89.9-kDa protein and is a member of the B family of DNA polymerases. It was originally isolated by Thomas Kornberg in 1970, and characterized over the next few years.
Who discovered DNA polymerase 3?
DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is the primary enzyme complex involved in prokaryotic DNA replication. It was discovered by Thomas Kornberg (son of Arthur Kornberg) and Malcolm Gefter in 1970.
What does DNA polymerase I do?
DNA Polymerase I, Bacterial DNA polymerase I of eubacteria functions in vivo to synthesize short stretches of DNA during excision repair and to remove RNA primers and fill the gaps between Okazaki fragments in lagging strand replication.
How is DNA polymerase II related to polymerase III?
Functional Relationship to DNA Polymerase III and IV. DNA Polymerase II is a member of the polymerase B family and supports Polymerase III in DNA replication moving from the 3′ end to the 5′ end. In the case when Polymerase III stalls during a replication error, Polymerase II can interrupt and excise the mismatched bases.
Who was the first person to discover DNA polymerase?
Discovered by Arthur Kornberg in 1956, it was the first known DNA polymerase (and the first known of any kind of polymerase ). It was initially characterized in E. coli and is ubiquitous in prokaryotes.
Which is more important DNA Pol II or DNA Pol III?
In prokaryotes, like E. coli, DNA Pol III is the major polymerase involved with DNA replication. While DNA Pol II is not a major factor in chromosome replication, it has other roles to fill. DNA Pol II does participate in DNA replication. While it might not be as fast as DNA Pol III, it has some abilities that make it an effective enzyme.
Can a dNTP bind to the same active site on polymerase I?
Studies of polymerase I have confirmed that different dNTPs can bind to the same active site on polymerase I. Polymerase I is able to actively discriminate between the different dNTPs only after it undergoes a conformational change.
