What is the difference between hydrocracking and hydrotreating?

The key difference between hydrocracking and hydrotreating is that hydrocracking includes the conversion of high boiling constituents into low boiling constituents, whereas hydrotreating includes the removal of oxygen and other heteroatoms. Hydrocracking and hydrotreating are useful processes in petroleum oil refining.

What is the hydrotreating process?

Hydrotreating is the reaction of organic compounds in the presence of high pressure hydrogen to remove oxygen (deoxygenation) along with other heteroatoms (nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine).

What is the difference between hydrocracking and catalytic cracking?

The basis of catalytic cracking is carbon rejection, while hydrocracking is a hydrogen addition process. Catalyst cracking uses an acid catalyst, while hydrocracking uses a metal catalyst on acid support. Another differnce is that catalyst cracking is an endothermic process while hydrocracking is an exothermic process.

Which reactor is mostly used in hydrotreating process?

A three-phase ebullated bed reactor used for hydrotreating consists of a liquid phase containing the petroleum reactants, an inlet gas phase of hydrogen with an outlet gas phase that contains the clean, lower molecular weight organic products, and the solid phase catalysts.

What is hydrotreating in petroleum refining?

Hydrotreating or catalytic hydrogen treating removes objectionable materials from petroleum fractions by selectively reacting these materials with hydrogen in a reactor at relatively high temperatures and at moderate pressures.

What are the products of hydrocracking?

The major products from hydrocracking are jet fuel and diesel, but low-sulfur naphtha fractions and LPG are also produced. All these products have a very low content of sulfur and other contaminants.

What catalyst is used in hydrocracking?

The first reactor usually contains a cobalt–molybdate catalyst to reduce the sulfur and nitrogen in the oil stream and to provide a mild hydrocracking reaction.

Why hydrogen is used in hydrocracking?

The saturation of the lighter hydrocarbons releases heat and causes the feed and products to heat up as they proceed through the reactor. Hydrogen is also used to control the temperature of the reactor—it is fed into the reactor at different points.

What do you need to know about hydrotreating?

Hydrotreating Remove hetero atoms & saturate carbon‐carbon bonds •Sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, & metals removed •Olefinic& aromatic bonds saturated Minimal cracking Minimal conversion –10% to 20% typical Products suitable for further processing or final blending •Reforming, catalytic cracking, hydrocracking Hydrocracking

Why is the process of hydrocracking called hydrotreating?

The process of hydrocracking is named as such because the breakdown of large molecules occurs in the presence of hydrogen gas. Usually, hydrocracking is done under severe conditions. It is because the reactants of hydrocracking feedstock are exposed to the reactor temperature for a long time.

What’s the difference between hydrocrackers and hydrotreaters?

Unconverted oil is defined as material that boils above a specified temperature. For vacuum gas oil (VGO), a typical specified temperature is 650°F (343°C). Conversion in hydrotreaters is less than 15 wt%, while conversion in hydro- crackers and mild hydrocrackers exceeds 20 wt%.

Which is the largest hydrotreating facility in the world?

1. PQ Optimization Services,3418 Clear Water Park Drive, Katy, TX 77450 2. G.E. Dolbear & Associates, 23050 Aspen Knoll Drive, Diamond Bar, CA 91765 1. INTRODUCTION refineries. As shown in Table 1, the world’s hydrotreating capacity is nearly half as large as the world’s crude distillation capacity.