What is superfluidity used for?
Superfluids can be used in gyroscopes, to help machines predict information about gravity movements that can’t be picked up with regular instruments only.
What causes superfluidity?
Superfluidity occurs in two isotopes of helium (helium-3 and helium-4) when they are liquefied by cooling to cryogenic temperatures. It is also a property of various other exotic states of matter theorized to exist in astrophysics, high-energy physics, and theories of quantum gravity.
How many superfluids are there?
One manifestation of this is that there are three superfluid phases of liquid 3He, called A, B, and A1, which are distinguished by the different internal structures of the Cooper pairs.
How was superfluidity discovered?
In 1927 Willem Keesom and Mieczyslaw Wolfke concluded that that liquid helium undergoes a phase transition at about 2.2 K. The truly remarkable result, that helium II is a superfluid, was first discovered in 1937 and published in January 1938, by Pyotr Kapitsa in Moscow, and independently by John F.
What is liquid helium used for?
In more recent decades, liquid helium has been used as a cryogenic refrigerant (which is used in cryocoolers), and liquid helium is produced commercially for use in superconducting magnets such as those used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Magnetoencephalography (MEG), and …
What is the most fluid liquid?
quark-gluon-plasma
Ultra hot quark-gluon-plasma, generated by heavy-ion collisions in particle accelerators, is supposed to be the “most perfect fluid” in the world.
Can hydrogen become a superfluid?
Recent work at Göttingen has revealed convincing evidence for superfluidity in liquid hydrogen, the only liquid other than helium to exhibit this quantum behaviour. They have no viscosity, which allows an object travelling in a pure superfluid to move without friction.
