What is smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis?
Globally PTB accounts for 85 % of all TB cases; among them smear positive PTB comprises 75–80 %. Smear positive PTB is the most infectious and most likely transmit from human to human and the infection prevention and control programs are air borne precautions.
What is smear positivity?
For the. purpose of the review, a sputum smear-positive case was defined as a positive result in at least. one of the three specimens. If the first specimen was positive, then the results of the subsequent. two specimens were irrelevant (positive XX) and if the first specimen was negative and the.
How is TB detected in children?
Tuberculin skin test It is a test that measures immune response, not the presence/absence of bacteria. The TST can be a useful tool in the assessment of a child with suspected TB, especially when there is no positive history of TB contact, because a positive TST indicates that the child has been infected at some point.
What are the two criteria used to diagnose TB in children?
Probable tuberculosis (at least 1 sign or symptom and a chest radiograph consistent with tuberculosis and 1 of: response to tuberculosis therapy/documented exposure to Mtb/immunologic evidence of infection with Mtb);
What is TB smear?
Sputum smear microscopy allows a rapid and reliable identification of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) where there are more than 5000 bacilli/ml of sputum.
Is smear-negative TB infectious?
Sputum smear microscopy is commonly used for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB). Although patients with sputum smear–negative TB are less infectious than patients with smear-positive TB, they also contribute to TB transmission.
What is a pulmonary smear?
A positive smear signifies a very large bacterial population in the lung lesions whereas several negative smears suggest a smaller bacterial load. Such smear-negative cases do not require the same intensity and duration of treatment as smear-positive cases.
What is tuberculosis in pediatrics?
What is tuberculosis in children? Tuberculosis (TB) is an ongoing (chronic) infection caused by bacteria. It usually infects the lungs. But other organs such as the kidneys, spine, or brain may be affected. TB is most often spread through droplets breathed or coughed into the air.
What is childhood tuberculosis?
Childhood tuberculosis (TB) is a preventable and curable infectious disease that remains overlooked by public health authorities, health policy makers and TB control programmes. Childhood TB contributes significantly to the burden of disease and represents the failure to control transmission in the community.
Why is it difficult to diagnose tuberculosis in children?
How do you diagnose TB in children? This is quite difficult as children are less likely to have obvious symptoms of TB, and samples such as sputum are more difficult to collect from young children. Even when sputum can be collected, it may have very few TB bacteria in it (paucibacillary smear-negative disease).
What is the difference between smear and culture?
Though culture is more sensitive than an AFB smear, positive results may take days to several weeks, while negative culture results (no mycobacterial growth) can take up to 6 to 8 weeks to confirm.
What does a positive sputum test mean?
A sputum culture is a test to find germs (such as TB bacteria) that can cause an infection. A sample of sputum is added to a substance that promotes the growth of bacteria. If no bacteria grow, the culture is negative. If bacteria grow, the culture is positive. If TB bacteria grow, then the person has tuberculosis.
