What is PLA2R?
PLA2R is an autoantigen present in glomerular podocytes. In 2009, Beck et al5 first discovered that the extracellular domain of PLA2R was used as the mutant antigen to activate autoimmune response.
What is PLA2R antibody blood test?
Phospholipase A2 Receptor (PLA2R) Antibody Panel – Phospholipase A2 Receptor (PLA2R) Antibody (Ab) testing provides physicians with a non-invasive tool for diagnosing primary membranous nephritis (PMN), an autoimmune disease most commonly mediated by autoantibodies to the podocyte antigen, PLA2R.
What is the function of phospholipase A2?
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) plays crucial roles in diverse cellular responses, including phospholipid digestion and metabolism, host defense and signal transduction.
What is the function of cPLA2?
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is a calcium-dependent enzyme that cleaves fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, from phospholipids by hydrolyzing the SN-2 acyl bond (Leslie, 1997). Thus, inhibiting cPLA2 would deny PGHS substrate and be expected to reduce fever.
What does PLA2R positive mean?
Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibodies are highly specific for the diagnosis of primary membranous nephropathy. As many as 70% to 75% of patients with primary membranous nephropathy are positive for anti-PLA2R. A titer increase, decrease, or disappearance generally precedes a change in clinical status.
Why PLA2R test is done?
Phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) IgG and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) IgG testing provides clinicians the information needed to help differentiate between primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) and secondary MN.
Where is phospholipase A2 found in the cell?
The extracellular forms of phospholipases A2 have been isolated from different venoms (snake, bee, and wasp), from virtually every studied mammalian tissue (including pancreas and kidney) as well as from bacteria. They require Ca2+ for activity.
Which protein activates phospholipase A2?
Gβ1γ2
Gβ1γ2 activates phospholipase A2-dependent Golgi membrane tubule formation. Heterotrimeric G proteins transduce the ligand binding of transmembrane G protein coupled receptors into a variety of intracellular signaling pathways.
What is Lp PLA2 in blood work?
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an enzyme that appears to play a role in the inflammation of blood vessels and is thought to help promote atherosclerosis. This test measures the amount or activity of Lp-PLA2 in the blood.
What is a 2 enzyme?
Introduction. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) constitutes a superfamily of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the phospholipid sn-2 ester bond, generating a free fatty acid and a lysophospholipid. The PLA2 reaction is the primary pathway through which arachidonic acid (AA) is liberated from phospholipids.
What is the function of the PLA2R1 gene?
Secretory phospholipase A2 receptor is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2R1 gene. M-type phospholipase A2 receptor is the major antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy attributed to over 70% of cases.
Are there auto-antibodies against the PLA2R receptor?
Anti-PLA2R-associated membranous nephropathy: a review with emphasis on diagnostic testing methods The majority of cases of primary membranous nephropathy (MN) are associated with auto-antibodies against the podocyte antigen M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R).
When was the discovery of anti-pla2r?
Since the discovery of anti-PLA2R in 2009, there has been an abundance of literature regarding PLA2R testing as a tool in the diagnosis and management of MN, and these tests are increasingly being implemented in clinical practice.
What kind of enzyme is LP-PLA2 in humans?
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) also known as platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) is a phospholipase A2 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G7 gene. Lp-PLA2 is a 45-kDa protein of 441 amino acids. It is one of several PAF acetylhydrolases.
