What is McLeod phenotype?
McLeod Phenotype The McLeod blood group phenotype is an X-linked anomaly of the Kell blood group system in which RBCs, white blood cells, or both react poorly with Kell antisera. The affected cells lack Kx, the product of the XK gene, which appears to be a membrane precursor of the Kell antigens.
What are blood antigens?
Blood group antigens are either sugars or proteins, and they are attached to various components in the red blood cell membrane. For example, the antigens of the ABO blood group are sugars. They are produced by a series of reactions in which enzymes catalyze the transfer of sugar units.
What is Kell blood type?
The Kell antigen system (also known as Kell–Cellano system) is a human blood group system, that is, group of antigens on the human red blood cell surface which are important determinants of blood type and are targets for autoimmune or alloimmune diseases which destroy red blood cells.
Where are the KX blood group antigens found?
This protein is also present on the surface of red blood cells and carries a molecule known as the Kx blood group antigen. Blood group antigens are found on the surface of red blood cells and determine a number of blood types.
Where is the XK gene found in the body?
The XK gene provides instructions for producing a protein that is found in various tissues of the body, particularly the brain, muscle, and heart. This protein is also present on the surface of red blood cells and carries a molecule known as the Kx blood group antigen.
What are the major antigens in the Kell blood group?
The Kell blood group systems contain over 34 antigens, but the major antigens are K and k. The Kell glycoprotein is highly folded through multiple intrachain disulfide bonds and is covalently linked to Kx protein in the RBC membrane ( Lee et al., 2000 ).
Where does the XK protein attach to the Kell protein?
On red blood cells, the XK protein attaches to another blood group protein, the Kell protein. The function of this blood group complex is unknown. Clapéron A, Hattab C, Armand V, Trottier S, Bertrand O, Ouimet T. The Kell and XK proteins of the Kell blood group are not co-expressed in the central nervous system. Brain Res. 2007 May 25;1147:12-24.
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