What is FCC gas?
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important conversion processes used in petroleum refineries. It is widely used to convert the high-boiling point, high-molecular weight hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum crude oils into more valuable gasoline, olefinic gases, and other products.
What is a FCC unit?
An FCC unit is a fluid catalytic cracking unit, which is a type of process that is used in refining crude oil into gasoline. The expansion joints used for the service are called stand pipe expansion joints.
What is a FCC reactor?
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is an important refinery process that employs an entrained flow, or riser, reactor for the catalytic conversion of heavy oil fractions to lighter products.
How do FCC cyclones work?
Regenerator Cyclones are used to separate catalyst from flue gas created when the carbon or coke is burned with air from the FCC catalyst. They are designed to withstand very abrasive service at a temperature of 1,450 degrees F.
What is feed for FCC?
The feed to the FCC is a variety of heavy gasoils that would otherwise be blended into residual fuel oil. Typical feeds include: VGO – This heavy cut from the vacuum distillation unit is the major feed to the FCC.
What is CDU in oil and gas?
In petroleum refining, the Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) (often referred to as the Atmospheric Distillation Unit) is usually the first processing equipment through which crude oil is fed.
What are the FCC powers?
The agency’s regulatory powers include the setting of manufacturing standards for communications equipment, decency standards in radio and television broadcasts, and ensuring competition.
How does the FCC enforce regulations?
The Commission and its Enforcement Bureau enforce the Communications Act and the Commission’s rules and orders in two primary ways: (1) by initiating investigations, and taking appropriate action if violations are found; and (2) by resolving disputes between industry participants either through mediation and settlement …
What is the principle of cyclone separator?
Cyclone separators or simply cyclones are separation devices (dry scrubbers) that use the principle of inertia to remove particulate matter from flue gases. Cyclone separators is one of many air pollution control devices known as precleaners since they generally remove larger pieces of particulate matter.
What kind of gasoline does the FCC produce?
The FCC produces a range of mostly lighter products, with the most significant being FCC gasoline. Typical products are: FCC gasoline – This is a naphtha range material with octane and vapor pressure close to the quality specifications for finished gasoline.
How is the FCC used to break down gas oil?
Because the catalyst is fluid, it can circulate around the FCC, moving between reactor and regenerator vessels (see photo). The FCC uses the catalyst and heat to break apart the large molecules of gas oil into the smaller molecules that make up gasoline, distillate, and other higher-value products like butane and propane.
Why is the FCC important in a refinery?
However, the FCC also produces lighter products that feed the alkylation unit and heavier products that can be blended into diesel and residual fuel oil. The FCC is particularly valuable in a refinery that is trying to maximize gasoline production over residual fuel oil.
How is the FCC a major emitter of CO2?
Coke burned off the catalyst in the regenerator creates a mix of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide plus some SOx. This gas stream is passed through a CO boiler and recovery gas compressor to recover some energy, then cleaned of catalyst fines and evacuated to the atmosphere, so the FCC is a major emitter of CO2 from refineries.
