What is cross direction?
: the dimension at right angles to the machine direction of a sheet of paper.
What does machine direction mean?
: the direction in which the stock flows onto the paper machine wire : the circumferential direction of a roll of paper also : the corresponding dimension of a sheet cut from it. — called also grain, grain direction.
What is MD and TD?
MD and TD are the machine and transverse direction orientation. (TD is also called the crossmachine direction and is designated as CD.)
What is machine direction and cross direction?
What are Machine and Cross Directions? The direction of travel of the machine is called machine direction or grain direction. Direction perpendicular to this direction is called cross direction.
What is machine direction and cross direction in paper?
Paper has a definite grain direction due to greater orientation of fibres in the direction of travel of the paper machine. This grain direction is known as machine direction. The cross direction is the direction of paper at right angles to the machine direction.
What is TD and MD shrinkage?
Shrinkage MD/TD Shrinkage (also known as unrestricted shrink), is a percentage of the amount of shrink measured in both the machine direction (MD) as well as the cross direction (TD). The TD direction is 90 degrees to the MD of the film. This is measured as a percentage value.
What is MD tensile?
The machine direction (MD) tensile strength should be high enough so that during the winding process the separator does not break or elongate significantly so as to reduce in width and therefore cause the electrodes to come into direct contact.
What is cross machine direction?
On a papermaking machine, the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the paper web travels as it is forming. The cross-machine direction is also called the cross-grain direction. …
What is tensile MD?
The tensile strength is the maximum stress to break a strip of paper sheet. Since the fiber orientation is dissimilar between machine direction (MD) and cross direction CD), hence the tensile strength is measured in both directions.
What is MD in tensile strength?
What is grain direction?
(Wood) In wood, grain direction refers to the longitudinal, or vertical, axis of the trunk, along which the structural cells are elongated (Cronyn 1990). It is the texture seen on the cut surface of a piece of wood.
Why do you need cross machine direction test?
Cross-machine direction tests are frequently made during paper production to ensure that the papermaking furnish is being delivered across the forming wire with uniform thickness, consistency, moisture content, etc. Variations in CD profiles affect the quality, printability and runnability of the paper that will ultimately form.
What do you call the cross machine direction?
The cross-machine direction is also called the cross-grain direction. All text and images are licensed under a Creative Commons Licensepermitting sharing and adaptation with attribution. (See Copyrightsfor details.)
How does machine direction orientation ( MDO ) work?
Machine direction orientation (MDO) is accomplished by drawing the film or sheet between rolls rotating at different speeds, with the second set of rolls running faster than the first set (see Fig. 4.130 ). The first set of rolls stabilizes the sheet surface temperature and allows time for inner sheet temperature balance.
What is the direction of a paper machine?
On a papermaking machine, the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the paper webtravels as it is forming.
