What is bulk cargo operations?

Bulk cargo is a shipping term for items that are shipped loosely and unpackaged as opposed to being shipped in packages or containers. Items may also be referred to as break bulk cargo, which is cargo that is packaged but non-containerized.

What is bulk cargo vessel?

A bulk carrier, bulker is a merchant ship specially designed to transport unpackaged bulk cargo, such as grains, coal, ore, steel coils and cement, in its cargo holds. Bulk carriers can be gearless (dependent upon terminal equipment) or geared (having cranes integral to the vessel).

What are the cargo that may liquefy?

Many common bulk cargoes, such as iron ore fines, nickel ore and various mineral concentrates, are examples of materials that may liquefy. If liquefaction occurs on board a vessel, the stability will be reduced due to the free surface effect and cargo shift, possibly resulting in capsizing of the vessel.

What are solid bulk cargoes?

Solid bulk cargoes are defined as any cargoes that are transported in a loose form without any packaging. The IMO defines these as: Bulk cargoes commonly transported on ships include fertilisers, coal, grains, sugar, ores, minerals etc.

What is meant by solid bulk cargo?

Solid bulk cargo means any material, other than liquid or gas, consisting of a combination of particles, granules or any larger pieces of material, generally uniform in composition, which is loaded directly into the cargo spaces of a ship without any intermediate form of containment.

What causes solid bulk cargo liquefy?

Liquefaction of a solid bulk cargo can occur when excessive dynamic loading, induced by rough seas and vessel vibrations, is transmitted to the cargo. From 1988 to 2015, there have been 24 suspected liquefaction incidents reported, which resulted in 164 casualties and the loss of 18 vessels.

What is the main danger in liquefaction of the bulk cargo?

Consequences of Liquefaction The most significant consequence for the vessel resulting from liquefaction is cargo shift leading to loss of stability. This may produce dangerous angles of list and in some instances the resulting loss of stability can be such that the vessel and the lives of those onboard are lost.

Apakah jenis Cargo merupakan barang kiriman biasa?

Jenis-jenis cargo antara lain sebagai berikut: General cargo merupakan barang-barang kiriman biasa yang tidak membutuhkan penanganan secara khusus, tetapi tetap harus memenuhi persyaratan yang ditentukan dan aspek keamanan.

Mengapa kargo dibedakan menjadi General Cargo?

Sedangkan dari cara pelayanannya dan jenis produknya menurut IATA AHM, kargo dibedakan menjadi general cargo, speciap shipment seperti AVI, DG, LHO, HUM, VAL, PER dan VUL serta lain sebagainya dan specialized cargo products seperti express cargo courier shipments, same day delivery (Warpani 2009:101) Jenis-jenis cargo antara lain sebagai berikut:

Bagaimana bulker dengan ukuran yang lebih kecil?

Bulker dengan ukuran yang lebih kecil, dari mini bulker sampai ultramax, umumnya dilengkapi Crane (geared). Sementara bulker yang lebih besar (panamax hingga chinamax) hampir semuanya tanpa crane (gearless), alias mengandalkan Crane pelabuhan untuk bongkar muat.