What is abdominal insufflation?

Laparoscopic surgery involves insufflation of a gas (usually carbon dioxide) into the peritoneal cavity producing a pneumoperitoneum. This causes an increase in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). Carbon dioxide is insufflated into the peritoneal cavity at a rate of 4–6 litre min−1 to a pressure of 10–20 mm Hg.

What is Palmer’s point?

Palmer’s point is described as the area in the left upper quadrant 3 cm below the costal margin and in the midclavicular line. Raoul Palmer MD was a French gynecologist many feel developed modern laparoscopy. 1n 1974 he described Palmer’s Point. This entry is utilized when midline adhesions are suspected.

What abdominal pressure do you want for pneumoperitoneum?

Proper visualization of intra-abdominal contents needs proper elevation of the anterior abdominal wall. This may result in increased pneumoperitoneum pressure up to 15–20 mmHg, so complete muscle relaxation should be provided during surgery.

How do you get rid of laparoscopic gas?

Manipulation of bowels during laparoscopic surgery can leave the bowels ‘stunned’. General anaesthesia can slow down the bowels, preventing the passage of gas and stool. Walking encourages the peristaltic movement of the bowels, relieving gas and constipation. A heat pack may also provide relief.

How is a laparoscope inserted?

The 5 or 10 mm laparoscope is placed directly into the trocar sheath so that the trocar end can be seen and followed. The trocar is then pushed with a twisting motion stepwise into the peritoneal cavity. Each layer of the abdominal wall is visualized and registered as the trocar is moved in.

How does pneumoperitoneum occur?

The most common cause is a perforation of the abdominal viscus—most commonly, a perforated ulcer, although a pneumoperitoneum may occur as a result of perforation of any part of the bowel; other causes include a benign ulcer, a tumor, or trauma.

How long is laparoscopy recovery?

Your Recovery After laparoscopic surgery, you are likely to have pain for the next several days. You may have a low fever and feel tired and sick to your stomach. This is common. You should feel better after 1 to 2 weeks.

How long does gas from laparoscopic surgery last?

Conclusions: We conclude that the residual pneumoperitoneum following laparoscopic surgery resolves within 3 days in 81% of patients and within 7 days in 96% of patients.

How is pneumoperitoneum treated?

Background: Pneumoperitoneum is a potentially life-threatening condition that has been traditionally treated with surgical intervention.

What causes pain in the lower quadrant of the abdomen?

Pain produced by irritation of the parietal peritoneum by duodenal contents leaking from a perforated duodenal ulcer may begin in the epigastrum and may migrate to the lower quadrants of the abdomen or pelvis depending on the pathway that the leaking material takes through the abdominal cavity.

When does the peritoneum become inflamed what happens?

The peritoneum is a thin membrane that lines the abdominal, or peritoneal, cavity. When the peritoneum becomes inflamed due to injury or infection, peritonitis results.

What causes gradual onset pain in the abdomen?

Pain of gradual onset is commonly associated with neoplasms, chronic inflammatory processes, and large bowel obstruction. Many other intra-abdominal conditions are associated with pain of gradual onset, making an accurate diagnosis from the history more difficult with this symptom than in pain of sudden or rapid onset.

Where does abdominal pain occur in a stretch?

The early abdominal pain produced by stretch is present in its characteristic upper abdominal location, but as suppuration begins, there is no inflammatory involvement of parietal peritoneal surfaces, as in iliac fossa appendicitis, and consequently there is no localized right lower quadrant pain.