What causes veno-occlusive disease?
Hepatic veno-occlusive disease is a clinical syndrome characterized by hepatomegaly, ascites, weight gain and jaundice, due to sinusoidal congestion which can be caused by alkaloid ingestion, but the most frequent cause is haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (STC) and is also seen after solid organ transplantation …
How do you treat VOD?
The drug defibrotide (Prociclide) may be used to prevent or treat VOD. Most people have mild to moderate VOD. Some people recover without treatment within a few weeks or after they get more of the drugs given to suppress the immune system. Sometimes VOD is severe and can lead to liver failure.
How is VOD diagnosed?
The gold standard for VOD diagnosis is histologically through a liver biopsy. However, the test can be dangerous in transplant recipients who are neutropenic or thrombocytopenic. Ultrasound is sometimes used as an alternative, but findings may be vague.
What is VOD Veno-Occlusive Disease?
Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), also called veno-occlusive disease (VOD), is a systemic endothelial disease that typically presents in the days or weeks after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with refractory thrombocytopenia, hepatomegaly, ascites, and jaundice, and it can rapidly progress to …
What are the symptoms of veno-occlusive disease?
In Veno-Occlusive disease (VOD) is an uncommon liver problem in which the liver cannot function properly. Symptoms of VOD include jaundice, pain or tenderness in the liver, rapid weight gain, edema, and ascites.
How do you treat veno-occlusive disease?
For treatment, tissue plasminogen activator has been evaluated most thoroughly, yet its safety and efficacy have not been clearly established in patients with veno-occlusive disease. Other possible treatment options include antithrombin-III, defibrotide, glutamine plus vitamin E, and surgery.
When is VOD after transplant?
It generally occurs within 21 days after transplant, late-onset VOD/SOS is nowadays recognized as distinct VOD/SOS feature by recent diagnostic criteria elaborated by the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) (41) (Table 1).
When does veno-occlusive disease occur?
Early identification of high-risk patients with severe disease is of the utmost importance because of the high mortality rates associated with severe cases. The onset of VOD/SOS usually occurs within the first 20 days after HSCT, with a peak 12 days posttransplantation. However, late-onset cases occur.
What is VOD after bone marrow transplant?
Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) or sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a rare complication characterized by hepatomegaly, right-upper quadrant pain, jaundice, and ascites, occurring after high-dose chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and, less commonly, other conditions.
What is VOD in stem cell transplant?
Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), also known as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, is a major complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and it carries a high mortality.
