What are the 2 types of hyponatremia?
Hypovolemic hyponatremia: decrease in total body water with greater decrease in total body sodium. Euvolemic hyponatremia: normal body sodium with increase in total body water. Hypervolemic hyponatremia: increase in total body sodium with greater increase in total body water.
Does dehydration cause hyponatremia or hyponatremia?
Losing mainly fluid is known as hypertonic dehydration – or hypernatremia. Losing mainly sodium is known as hypotonic dehydration – or hyponatremia.
What is Hypoosmolar hyponatremia?
Hypoosmolar hyponatremia is a condition where hyponatremia associated with a low plasma osmolality. The term “hypotonic hyponatremia” is also sometimes used. When the plasma osmolarity is low, the extracellular fluid volume status may be in one of three states: low volume, normal volume, or high volume.
How is thrombosis of the dural sinus treated?
Management of thrombosis of the dural sinus and cerebral veins (CVT) includes treatment of the underlying condition, antithrombotic treatment, symptomatic treatment, and the prevention or treatment of complications.
What are the possible complications of dural venous thrombosis?
Dural arteriovenous fistula and increased CSF pressure have been reported as possible complications after dural venous sinus thrombosis. For a general discussion on treatment please refer to the parent article: cerebral venous thrombosis.
Where are the dural sinuses located in the brain?
The dural sinuses are located in your head. They drain deoxygenated blood as well as cerebropsinal fluid (CSF) that surrounds your brain, and empties them into the internal jugular vein that takes it back to your heart and lungs to be re-oxygenated.
When was cavernous sinus thrombosis first described?
Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) was initially described by Bright in 1831 as a complication of epidural and subdural infections. The dural sinuses are grouped into the sagittal, lateral (including the transverse, sigmoid, and petrosal sinuses), and cavernous sinuses.
