How do you make a synthetic seismogram?
The synthetic seismogram is generated by convolving the reflectivity derived from digitized acoustic and density logs with the wavelet derived from seismic data.
What is the purpose of synthetic seismogram?
In earthquake seismology, synthetic seismograms are used either to match the predicted effects of a particular earthquake source fault model with observed seismometer records or to help constrain the Earth’s velocity structure. Synthetic seismograms are generated using specialized geophysical software.
How is synthetic seismic data generated?
Required steps to generate seismogram:
- Data Preparation (Unit conversion and Sonic / Density Logs processing)
- Time-Depth relationship construction.
- Acoustic Impedance(AI or Z) Calculation.
- Reflection Coefficient(Rc) calculation.
- Resampling to the time domain and Rc recalculation.
- Wavelet & Convolution.
What does a seismogram measure?
A seismogram is the recording of the ground shaking at the specific location of the instrument. On a seismogram, the HORIZONTAL axis = time (measured in seconds) and the VERTICAL axis= ground displacement (usually measured in millimeters).
What does a seismogram look like?
When you look at a seismogram, there will be wiggly lines all across it. These are all the seismic waves that the seismograph has recorded. Most of these waves were so small that nobody felt them. Because P waves are the fastest seismic waves, they will usually be the first ones that your seismograph records.
What is the difference between a seismograph and a seismogram?
The terms seismograph and seismometer are often used interchangeably; however, whereas both devices may detect and measure seismic waves, only a seismograph possesses the capacity to record the phenomena. A record produced by a seismograph on a display screen or paper printout is called a seismogram.
What is sonic porosity?
The sonic or acoustic log measures the travel time of an elastic wave through the formation. This information can also be used to derive the velocity of elastic waves through the formation. Its main use is to provide information to support and calibrate seismic data and to derive the porosity of a formation.
What is Dipole Sonic?
A sonic array tool in which sources are dipoles as opposed to radially symmetric monopoles, so that it generates both P- and S-waves in formations. The dipole sonic imager (DSI) is a multiconfigurable tool that can emulate a BHC sonic, a standard monopole array tool, or an array dipole tool.
How is seismogram used?
A seismograph, or seismometer, is an instrument used to detect and record earthquakes. Generally, it consists of a mass attached to a fixed base. During an earthquake, the base moves and the mass does not. The motion of the base with respect to the mass is commonly transformed into an electrical voltage.
What are seismograph and its working?
Seismographs are instruments used to record the motion of the ground during an earthquake. A seismograph is securely mounted onto the surface of the earth so that when the earth shakes, the entire unit shakes with it EXCEPT for the mass on the spring, which has inertia and remains in the same place.
How is a synthetic seismogram derived from seismic data?
The synthetic seismogram is generated by convolving the reflectivity derived from digitized acoustic and density logs with the wavelet derived from seismic data. By comparing marker beds or other correlation points picked on well logs with major reflections on the seismic section, interpretation of the data can be improved.
How do you tie a well to the seismic data?
Tying wells usually involves forward modeling a synthetic seismogram from sonic and density logs, then matching that synthetic to the seismic reflection data, thus producing a relationship between the logs (measured in depth) and the seismic (measured in travel time).
Why is seismic to well calibration referred to as synthetics?
Seismic-to-well calibration is often referred to as a “synthetics utility” because its basic action is calculating a “synthetic seismogram”. Unlike traditional offerings, in SeisEarth™ calibration is performed within the main visualization window, as a natural extension of the interpretation workflow.
Which is wavelet is used for synthetic seismic trace?
A wavelet is chosen that has a frequency response and band width similar to that of the nearby seismic data. The synthetic wavelet is convolved with the reflection series for the entire well survey and generates a synthetic seismic trace.
