What is the CYP2C19 gene?
The CYP2C19 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme that is found primarily in liver cells in a cell structure called the endoplasmic reticulum, which is involved in protein processing and transport.
What is CYP2C19 genetic testing?
Clopidogrel is a drug that is part of a group of medications called antiplatelet drugs and is used… This test helps determine if you may be less responsive to the drug clopidogrel because of your genetic makeup. This test detects genetic variation in the gene CYP2C19.
What is CYP3A5 gene?
CYP3A5 (Cytochrome P450 Family 3 Subfamily A Member 5) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CYP3A5 include Hypertension, Essential and Multiple Chemical Sensitivity. Among its related pathways are Aflatoxin activation and detoxification and Androstenedione and testosterone biosynthesis and metabolism p.
Which drugs are affected by CYP2C19?
CYP2C19 catalyzes the metabolism of several drugs, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (e.g., omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole), antidepressants (e.g., citalopram and amitriptyline), antiplatelet drugs (e.g., clopidogrel), antifungals (e.g., voriconazole), and anticancer compounds (e.g., cyclophosphamide).
What does it mean to be a CYP2C19 rapid metabolizer?
Ultrarapid Metabolizer (UM) – This means there are two copies of a CYP2C19 gene with increased activity. This results in very high CYP2C19 activity. About 5 out of 100 people have this gene status. Certain drugs should be used with caution and patients may need to have their doses of some medications adjusted.
Is fluoxetine metabolized by CYP2C19?
The results indicated that CYP2C19 appears to play a major role in the metabolism of fluoxetine, and in particular its N-demethylation among Chinese healthy subjects.
Does everyone have CYP2C19?
About 2 out of 100 people have this gene status. Certain drugs should be avoided and patients may need to have their doses of some medications adjusted. Other clinical factors (diet, other drugs, diseases) may influence your response to medications. This list is not meant to include all medications affected by CYP2C19.
Is paroxetine metabolized by CYP2C19?
CYP2D6‐paroxetine and fluvoxamine dosing recommendations Multiple studies have demonstrated that CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers have low or undetectable paroxetine plasma concentrations when compared to CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers.
What is metabolized by CYP3A5?
CYP3A5 is involved in the metabolism of renal cortisol to 6-β-hydroxycortisol, which is a key regulator of renal sodium transport, and immune responses that cause inflammation; thus, CYP3A5*1 provides a selective advantage in equatorial populations because of the role of CYP3A5 in salt retention and the reabsorption of …
What drugs are metabolized by CYP3A5?
The enzyme metabolizes drugs such as nifedipine and cyclosporine as well as the steroid hormones testosterone, progesterone and androstenedione. This gene is part of a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 7q21.
What happens when CYP2C19 is inhibited?
CYP2C19 Inhibitors Drugs that inhibit CYP2C19 activity (Table 2) are likely to increase the plasma concentrations of the medications listed with an asterisk in Table 1, and in some cases adverse outcomes may occur.
How do CYP2C19 inhibitors affect the metabolism of clopidogrel?
In particular, carriers of loss-of-function CYP2C19 alleles have impaired metabolism of clopidogrel, which results in decreased inhibition of platelet aggregation and increased cardiovascular risk.
