When was the catastrophe theory invented?
1960s
Catastrophe theory originated with the work of the French mathematician René Thom in the 1960s, and became very popular due to the efforts of Christopher Zeeman in the 1970s.
Why was catastrophe theory created?
In the 1960s René Thom developed a way of studying discontinuous processes, which he called catastrophe theory. Thom became interested in catastrophes because he hoped to apply mathematics to the “inexact” science of biology.
What is catastrophe theory a level PE?
Catastrophe Theory If the athlete is experiencing high levels of cognitive state anxiety as arousal rises towards the athletes threshold, the athlete experiences a dramatic drop in performance. This theory does also rely on the need for both arousal and cognitive anxiety to achieve optimal performance.
Who created the catastrophe theory in sport?
The Catastrophe Theory (Hardy, 1987) suggests that stress, combined with both somatic and cognitive anxiety, influences performance, that somatic anxiety will affect each athlete differently, and that performance will be affected uniquely, which will make it difficult to predict an outcome using general rules.
Who proposed theory of catastrophism?
Baron Georges Cuvier
Catastrophism, doctrine that explains the differences in fossil forms encountered in successive stratigraphic levels as being the product of repeated cataclysmic occurrences and repeated new creations. This doctrine generally is associated with the great French naturalist Baron Georges Cuvier (1769–1832).
What is the catastrophe theory in sports?
The catastrophe theory in sport suggests that an athletes arousal level needs to lower significantly if they want to improve their performance. Only then will an athletes performance gradually increase back up to the optimum point if arousal increases. Somatic and cognitive arousal is needed to achieve optimum point.
What is a 250 year return period?
The loss amount that has a 1 percent probability of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. The loss amount that has a 0.4 percent probability of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. The industry also calls this the 250-year return period loss or 250-year probable maximum loss (PML).
