Are there 5 main types of dysphagia?

A more specific classification categorizes the cause of dysphagia according to location: preesophageal or oropharyngeal dysphagia, esophageal or transport dysphagia, postesophageal or esophagogastric dysphagia, and paraesophageal or extrinsic dysphagia.

How is oropharyngeal dysphagia treated?

For oropharyngeal dysphagia, your doctor may refer you to a speech or swallowing therapist, and therapy may include: Learning exercises. Certain exercises may help coordinate your swallowing muscles or restimulate the nerves that trigger the swallowing reflex. Learning swallowing techniques.

What is the tongue-hold maneuver?

The tongue-hold maneuver is a widely used clinical technique designed to increase posterior pharyngeal wall movement in individuals with dysphagia. It is hypothesized that the tongue-hold maneuver results in increased contraction of the superior pharyngeal constrictor.

What is Shaker maneuver?

The Shaker technique, also called the Head Lift, is indicated for patients who exhibit reduced superior and anterior movement of the hyolaryngeal complex. That is, the hyoid and larynx are not lifting and moving forward to the extent needed in order to open the upper esophageal sphincter.

What is mild oropharyngeal dysphagia?

Oropharyngeal dysphagia is at term that describes swallowing problems occurring in the mouth and/or the throat. These swallowing problems most commonly result from impaired muscle function, sensory changes, or growths and obstructions in the mouth or throat.

Can GERD cause oropharyngeal dysphagia?

With GERD, the contents of the stomach inappropriately leak into the esophagus and cause irritation. This type of dysphagia can also occur after a stroke or brain injury. And some types of cancer, as well as cancer treatments such as radiation, can also cause oropharyngeal dysphagia.

How is the Mendelsohn maneuver used in medicine?

The Mendelsohn maneuver is a swallowing maneuver which was designed to treat both reduced laryngeal excursion and limited cricopharyngeal opening. This maneuver is performed by having the patient hold the larynx up, either using the muscles of the neck or with the hand, during the swallow for an extended period of time.

What did Erich Mendelsohn do for a living?

For the American film director, see Eric Mendelsohn. Erich Mendelsohn (21 March 1887 – 15 September 1953) was a German architect, known for his expressionist architecture in the 1920s, as well as for developing a dynamic functionalism in his projects for department stores and cinemas.

How is the Mendelsohn maneuver used for laryngeal elevation?

The first set of instructions is using a double swallow, using the Mendelsohn maneuver. Patients with reduced laryngeal elevation often have pharyngeal residue, even with use of the maneuver, so an immediate second swallow using the Mendelsohn maneuver helps clear the pharyngeal residue.

How is the Mendelsohn maneuver for dysphagia performed?

This maneuver is performed by having the patient hold the larynx up, either using the muscles of the neck or with the hand, during the swallow for an extended period of time.