How is nonylphenol made?
Production. Nonylphenol can be produced industrially, naturally, and by the environmental degradation of alkylphenol ethoxylates. Industrially, nonylphenols are produced by the acid-catalyzed alkylation of phenol with a mixture of nonenes. Nonylphenols are also produced naturally in the environment.
What is ethoxylated nonylphenol?
What are NP/NPEs? NP/NPEs, also known as nonylphenols and nonylphenol ethoxylates, are nonionic surfactants, or detergent-like substances, with uses that lead to widespread release into aquatic environments. NP/NPEs are highly toxic to aquatic life.
Is ethoxylate alcohol safe?
Human health. Alcohol ethoxylates are not observed to be mutagenic, carcinogenic, or skin sensitizers, nor cause reproductive or developmental effects. One byproduct of ethoxylation is 1,4-dioxane, a possible human carcinogen. Undiluted AEs can cause dermal or eye irritation.
How do you make ethoxylated alcohol?
Such alcohols may be obtained by the hydrogenation of fatty acids from seed oils, or by hydroformylation in the Shell higher olefin process. The reaction proceeds by blowing ethylene oxide through the alcohol at 180 °C and under 1-2 bar of pressure, with potassium hydroxide (KOH) serving as a catalyst.
How many mg of ethoxylated nonylphenol are there?
Chemical PAC-1 PAC-2 PAC-3 Ethoxylated nonylphenol; (Nonyl phenyl . 43 mg/m3 470 mg/m3 5400 mg/m3
Why are nonylphenol ethoxylates used as detergents?
Nonylphenol ethoxylates are nonionic in water, which means that they have no charge. Because of this property they are used as detergents, cleaners, emulsifiers, and a variety of other applications.
What can 2-nonylphenoxy ethanol be used for?
A low molecular-weight polymer. Used as a non-ionic surfactant, as an emulsifier, or as a metal cleaner, depending on the degree of polymerization. 2- [2- (4-nonylphenoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.05.07)
Where are the nonyl groups located in a phenol ring?
Nonylphenols fall into the general chemical category of alkylphenols. The structure of NPs may vary. The nonyl group can be attached to the phenol ring at various locations, usually the 4- and, to lesser extent, the 2-positions, and can be either branched or linear.
