What is the difference between DNA polymerase in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotic cells possess one or two types of polymerases, whereas eukaryotes have four or more. Replication also happens at a much faster rate in prokaryotic cells, than in eukaryotes. In addition, eukaryotes also have a distinct process for replicating the telomeres at the ends of their chromosomes.
Do both eukaryotes and prokaryotes use DNA polymerase?
Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA polymerases build off RNA primers made by primase. Eukaryotic DNA replication requires multiple replication forks, while prokaryotic replication uses a single origin to rapidly replicate the entire genome. DNA replication always occurs in the nucleus.
What is the major difference between eukaryotic DNA replication and prokaryotic DNA replication?
Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Replication
| Prokaryotic DNA Replication | Eukaryotic DNA Replication |
|---|---|
| The DNA is circular and double-stranded. | The DNA is linear and double-stranded. |
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?
Eukaryotes have three types of RNA polymerases, I, II, and III, and prokaryotes only have one type. Another main difference between the two is that transcription and translation occurs simultaneously in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes the RNA is first transcribed in the nucleus and then translated in the cytoplasm.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA quizlet?
the DNA in the prokaryote is not separated from the rest of the cell’s contents, while the eukaryotic cell’s DNA is enclosed by a true nucleus surrounded by a membrane.
What are prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA polymerases?
Prokaryotes utilize one RNA polymerase for all transcription of types of RNA. In contrast, eukaryotes utilize three slightly different RNA polymerases: RNA polymerase I, RNA polymerase II, and RNA polymerase III (8). Each of the three RNA polymerases in eukaryotes is responsible for transcribing a unique type of RNA.
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Transcription
| Prokaryotic Transcription | Eukaryotic Transcription |
|---|---|
| Prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm | Eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm. |
| RNAs are released and processed in the cytoplasm | RNAs are released and processed in the nucleus |
Do prokaryotes have DNA polymerase?
In prokaryotes, three main types of polymerases are known: DNA pol I, DNA pol II, and DNA pol III. DNA pol III is the enzyme required for DNA synthesis; DNA pol I and DNA pol II are primarily required for repair. There are specific nucleotide sequences called origins of replication where replication begins.
Do eukaryotes have DNA polymerase?
Eukaryotes utilize three essential B family DNA polymerases for genome replication: Pol α, Pol δ, and Pol ε (9). Each of these B family DNA polymerases is highly conserved from yeast to human (9).
How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA similar?
Similarities between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA Ø The DNA is double stranded and helical in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Ø The replication of DNA is more or less similar in both groups. Ø In both groups extra chromosomal genetic materials are present (plasmids in prokaryotes and mtDNA and cpDNA in eukaryoes).
How does gene regulation differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotic transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm, and regulation occurs at the transcriptional level. Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated during transcription and RNA processing, which take place in the nucleus, and during protein translation, which takes place in the cytoplasm.
How is RNA polymerase II different from eukaryotic RNA?
RNA polymerase II recognizes the promoters in upstream between -25 to -100 regions in DNA such as (TATA box, CAAT box, and GC box). RNA polymerase III recognizes the downstream internal promoters. The eukaryotic RNA polymerases are large complex that made up of multi subunits proteins of 500 kDa or more.
Where does the prokaryotic RNA polymerase recognize the promoter?
The prokaryotic RNA polymerase recognizes promoter in -10 to -35 region in DNA known as TATA box. The Eukaryotic RNA polymerases recognize different promoters 1.
What’s the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryote DNA?
Differences between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic DNA Prokaryotic DNA: Prokaryotic DNA is double-stranded circular DNA which remains diffused in a dense region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. There is no nuclear membrane surrounding the DNA in prokaryotes. The single circular DNA represents a single chromosome.
Which is a multisubunit heavy prokaryotic RNA polymerase?
The prokaryotic RNA polymerase is a multisubunit heavy enzyme. The RNA polymerase of E coli is extensively studied. This is a complex enzyme which is having a molecular weight of 450 KDa. The holoenzyme consists of two main components. They are core enzyme and transcription factors.
