What is the pathogenesis of periodontitis?
Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial disease characterized by an inflammation of the periodontal tissue mediated by the host, which is associated with dysbiotic plaque biofilms, resulting in the progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus and loss of periodontal attachment [1, 10].
Is hypertension related to periodontal disease?
Moderate-to-severe periodontitis was associated with a 22% raised risk for hypertension, while severe periodontitis was linked with 49% higher odds of hypertension. Average arterial blood pressure was higher in patients with periodontitis compared to those without.
Is hypertension a risk factor for periodontitis?
Hypertension is the main preventable cause of cardiovascular disease, and periodontitis has been linked with increased risk of heart attack and stroke. “Hypertension could be the driver of heart attack and stroke in patients with periodontitis,” said Professor D’Aiuto.
How does hypertension affect the oral cavity?
Poor oral health may interfere with blood pressure control in people diagnosed with hypertension. Periodontal disease — a condition marked by gum infection, gum inflammation and tooth damage — appears to worsen blood pressure and interferes with hypertension treatment.
What is chronic periodontitis?
Chronic periodontitis is a common disease of the gums consisting of chronic inflammation of the periodontal tissues which is caused by the accumulation of large amounts of dental plaque. In the early stages, chronic periodontitis has few symptoms.
How does hypertension cause periodontitis?
In hypertension, changes in microcirculation can cause ischemia in the periodontium, which favors periodontal disease. Moreover, endothelial dysfunction promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaque and the development of lesions in target organs.
Does high blood pressure affect gums?
Gum disease may make it more difficult to treat high blood pressure, based on a recent study that links gum disease to higher blood pressure levels.
Can high blood pressure affect gums?
If you have high blood pressure, your medical doctor may prescribe calcium channel blockers to help control it. However, that can have a side effect of sore, swollen gums that can be disturbing if you don’t expect it. Calcium channel blockers can cause gingival (gum) overgrowth, said Dr.
How does high blood pressure affect teeth?
This can lead to gingivitis that can lead to the destruction of supporting tooth structure, causing teeth to loosen and, possibly, fall out. To clarify, blood pressure medications may cause changes in size and shape of gums, but the real culprit is plaque.
When is blood pressure too high for dental treatment?
The 2017 ACC/AHA High Blood Pressure Clinical Practice Guidelines recommend that deferring surgery may be considered in persons with hypertension and planned elective major surgery who have a systolic pressure of 180 mm Hg or higher or diastolic pressure of 110 mm Hg or higher.
What are the risk factors for hypertension and periodontitis?
It is well known that hypertension and periodontitis share common risk factors, namely, smoking, stress, increased age, and socioeconomic factors. These risk factors may confound the association between hypertension and periodontitis.
Is there an association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease?
Nevertheless, according to the scientific statement issued by the American Heart Association (AHA) published in Circulation, observational studies support an association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease, independent of shared risk factors [ 9
Can a untreated periodontal disease cause tooth loss?
Periodontal disease is a major cause of tooth extraction in adults and tooth loss, the ill-favored outcome of untreated periodontitis, could be construed at least partially as a surrogate for this condition.
Is there evidence that periodontal therapy can reduce BP?
Lastly, only 5 out of 12 interventional studies confirmed a reduction in BP following periodontal therapy, ranging from 3 to 12.5 mmHg of SBP and from 0 to 10 mmHg of DBP. PD is associated with increased odds of hypertension (SORT C) and higher SBP/DBP levels. The evidence suggesting that PD therapy could reduce BP is inconclusive.
